例如兩條線(xiàn)相交所構(gòu)成的角形，可以被認(rèn)為是某平面的邊界；另外加上第三條線(xiàn)可以在畫(huà)面上造成立體感?；⌒蔚木€(xiàn)條可以象征拱頂，交會(huì)聚集的線(xiàn)條可表現(xiàn)深度。人們可以從線(xiàn)條的變化當(dāng)中，得到可以領(lǐng)會(huì)的形象。

用線(xiàn)條區(qū)分立體與平面，至于色彩明暗是為了加強(qiáng)和厘清整體與部分的關(guān)系。運(yùn)用線(xiàn)條的開(kāi)始，消失和中斷來(lái)畫(huà)出邊界，并且形成平面，也可使色彩至邊界而上。

線(xiàn)條的粗細(xì)能表現(xiàn)物體的變化，甚至光和影也可用線(xiàn)條的筆觸變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，還需要平面技法的輔助。平面技法在使用炭粉筆時(shí)，在明暗對(duì)照上可用擦筆法。素描也可用多色畫(huà)筆作為基本材料，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)素描效果以及素描的藝術(shù)性。

素描的要素是線(xiàn)，但是線(xiàn)在實(shí)質(zhì)上卻是不存在的，它只代表物體、顏色和平面的邊界，用來(lái)作為物體的幻覺(jué)表現(xiàn)。直到近代，線(xiàn)才被人們認(rèn)為是形式的自發(fā)要素，并且獨(dú)立于被描繪的物體之外。

透過(guò)線(xiàn)條手段，單純的輪廓勾勒可以發(fā)展成精致的素描，這個(gè)視頻講的比較清楚https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural&vid=2187580955371434233

用線(xiàn)條來(lái)組成物體的形象

兩條線(xiàn)相交所構(gòu)成的角形，可以被認(rèn)為是某平面的邊界；另外加上第三條線(xiàn)可以在畫(huà)面上造成立體感?；⌒蔚木€(xiàn)條可以象征拱頂，交會(huì)聚集的線(xiàn)條可表現(xiàn)深度。透過(guò)線(xiàn)條的手段，單純的輪廓勾勒可以發(fā)展成精致的素描。

用線(xiàn)條區(qū)分立體與平面

在素描中可以用線(xiàn)條區(qū)分立體與平面，至于色彩明暗是為了加強(qiáng)和分清整體與部分的關(guān)系。運(yùn)用線(xiàn)條的開(kāi)始，消失和中斷來(lái)畫(huà)出邊界，并且形成平面，也可使色彩至邊界而上。線(xiàn)條的粗細(xì)能表現(xiàn)物體的變化，甚至光和影也可用線(xiàn)條的筆觸變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。

平面技法的輔助

素描的線(xiàn)條技法還需要平面技法的輔助。平面技法在使用炭粉筆時(shí)，在明暗對(duì)照上可用擦筆法。

毛筆畫(huà)法的使用

更重要的是使用毛筆畫(huà)法，因?yàn)槊P能發(fā)揮筆觸的寬度和筆調(diào)的強(qiáng)度并且能增加空間感和立體感。

藝術(shù)性的加強(qiáng)

素描也可用多色畫(huà)筆作為基本材料，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)素描效果以及素描的藝術(shù)性。

明暗

明暗交界線(xiàn)是素描中灰面與暗面的交界，雖然名字是明暗交界“線(xiàn)”，但是它是由“面”組成的，由于光線(xiàn)以及靜物本身形體的變化，明暗交界線(xiàn)也會(huì)有非常豐富的變化。

有一些靜物因?yàn)樾误w會(huì)有很多明暗交界線(xiàn)，所以我們找到這些明暗交界線(xiàn)之后統(tǒng)一暗部，然后這些明暗交界線(xiàn)的色調(diào)也要做一個(gè)區(qū)分，靠近光源的顏色稍微要亮一些。

結(jié)合視頻講解可以明白明暗的運(yùn)用手法https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14m4y1978u/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click&vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d

推薦書(shū)籍

《素描風(fēng)暴》

《素描的訣竅》

《像藝術(shù)家一樣思考》

《伯里曼人體結(jié)構(gòu)繪畫(huà)教學(xué)》

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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4QSdICi8oW0qyxakA3c9bP0nTz"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"炭筆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VOmAdMeyqoSaUOxCiDPcmvhnnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炭筆的用法和鉛筆相似，炭筆的色澤深黑，有較強(qiáng)的表現(xiàn)能力，是畫(huà)素描的理想工具，用于畫(huà)人物肖像尤佳，但畫(huà)重了很難擦掉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K8ASdGOKCogUCCxmuNkcw2awndf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":503,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"炭筆","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c7202dacf00949dc97cb07dbc3a45af9","width":727},"text":"","id":"IsU2do068oMwysxSG7ecTnVxn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"推薦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J8yGdOMMQouWEaxWycFc3URVn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、馬利、MARCO/馬可、庫(kù)爾貝、高爾樂(lè)、中華、奧文、得韻Derwent、老人頭、盧浮宮、德福龍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G88SdCG82oYqIIxgrdMcFUmsnXd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"木炭條","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tm8QdGwQCoqIMsxgFORc8hounbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"木炭條是用樹(shù)枝燒制而成，色澤較黑，質(zhì)地松散，附著力較差，畫(huà)完成后需噴固定液，否則極易掉色破壞效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VKIIdY08coG6MgxWemVcQFzlnTc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"木炭條","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9e7034def7b14d64b4ff2cb420ec0930","width":456},"text":"","id":"R0kGdEg8SoGsYUx6j44cXVVJnge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"推薦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DweEdcCCao82cQxeA8ycDrcunoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"米婭（MIYA）、馬利（Marie's）、蒙瑪特（Mont Marte）、青竹畫(huà)材（CHINJOO）、尼奧尼（NYONI）、海特（Hite）、高爾樂(lè)（Kuelox）、衛(wèi)莊、老人頭（lotory）、睿識(shí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BeYsd44eYoqm2ixCWLkckt7Hnjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"炭精棒","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FsCWdWWE8oceKCxa2VWc8GFCnud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炭精棒常見(jiàn)的有黑色和赭石色兩種，質(zhì)地較木炭條硬，附著力較強(qiáng)，可用可不用固定液。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VScSd4CCuoQaIkxPWdpcnF3xngv"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":519,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"炭精棒","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/94651b89ef034352a732711bb9a7e66b","width":493},"text":"","id":"S864dSwMWoWiiwxGULncMzBEnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"推薦","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RIa6dU0o2o0W2AxEnhscQYSbn1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"海特索斯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pcq2dC0C2o4Y8IxqKoacHPHAnNh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"紙","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KOIudGsuqoUMmSxMlYqcQJg2nJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"畫(huà)素描通常在專(zhuān)用的素描紙上進(jìn)行，選用素描紙時(shí)要注意紙質(zhì)堅(jiān)實(shí)、平整、耐磨、紋理細(xì)膩、不毛不皺、易于修改，如素描紙、鉛畫(huà)紙。太粗、太薄、太光滑的紙都不適合鉛筆畫(huà)素描。初學(xué)者使用的紙張大小以8開(kāi)或4開(kāi)為宜，16開(kāi)大小的銅版紙和復(fù)印紙，則適合用鋼筆、圓珠筆畫(huà)素描。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AaIedcMCEoyGcexYdKPcBjkinMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":618,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"紙","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5cdd242676eb49eab57e63ae38c633aa","width":756},"text":"","id":"HigAdcwK2oSKkix6OhVcFAsMn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描紙的表面有明顯的紋理，這樣鉛筆上色才會(huì)比較容易，另外，背面的紋理也不一樣，背面的紋理要比正面紋理弱，所以應(yīng)該在紙張的正面繪畫(huà)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R6eKdI80GoymiyxmwuEcXO5BnYf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"輔助工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BEGqd4megoGeiox6Z9Kci82UnWd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"畫(huà)架","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XKoKdQgokoI8muxu4tGcezJZnHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用來(lái)放置素描紙的架子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZwkSdySC0oQm6CxWC6Ccf2BnnFg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":494,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"畫(huà)架","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6ef98758bfe348df8d008f8fdaf7efaa","width":527},"text":"","id":"NO8idemqWoAYqUxfZnWcSPHMnd2"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"畫(huà)夾","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BKwCduUqioMGuAxq86gc2sZTnxg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"寬邊的大鐵夾可用在畫(huà)板上固定紙張。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XIw8dUgUiogKeQxwl0tcsb5tnNd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":306,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"畫(huà)夾","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/26a1c9377b6c42df9629880fe2eaa784","width":431},"text":"","id":"Jmq4dWsYeoEWEcxKm1ac48fAn4b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"膠帶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K0qsdUUa0ogwsIx4N5gclbMgnmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"膠帶也是不錯(cuò)的固定紙張的工具，因?yàn)槟z帶寬度均勻，畫(huà)完后將膠帶去除會(huì)留下一條好看的白邊","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYOYdy2aGoysC2xGSj0cL3TDnub"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":502,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"膠帶","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bdf8465d2fef4fa09339058e956d479b","width":640},"text":"","id":"RogqdQuaOo8CeCxoTzxc32W3nyd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"寬筆刷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Pi8SdKOSYomEEyxi8wZcY5dznyf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用起來(lái)超級(jí)方便的清掃工具，畫(huà)面上的橡皮屑較多的時(shí)候，用它清除就不會(huì)弄花畫(huà)了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YYe2deOe4oW2ICxk5KPcDzaEnFe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":177,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"寬筆刷","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f14e067e832c4531a9b474ed49afbff0","width":422},"text":"","id":"CaY2dSW4ioO44ixOuo3cS4j6n3g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"鉛筆延長(zhǎng)器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NmcMdYU4eo4QaMxKgkCc9uJrnIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"鉛筆用短了之后都會(huì)很苦惱，用的時(shí)候不方便，扔了又覺(jué)得可惜。將筆的一頭放入延長(zhǎng)器中，畫(huà)筆瞬間就變長(zhǎng)了。是非常不錯(cuò)的節(jié)省工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IsuAdkySEoU4kWx4ALQcdzTgnbe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":558,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"鉛筆延長(zhǎng)器","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e729a7fffe8449c4a5562b048af02ab2","width":580},"text":"","id":"VooUd0oiMo88Yux2frpcLqPbnUe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"繪畫(huà)常識(shí)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TY26dSsayoC8O4x4LmWcOcJAnwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"想要學(xué)素描，必須要了解一些知識(shí)，具體的如下","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"幾個(gè)方面","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RyYmdaSGIogUAIx0KdLcW3ljnvc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"一點(diǎn)透視","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GyCmdomq6oo4iYxiMrkcZrAznah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最常用到的就是一點(diǎn)透視，因?yàn)橐稽c(diǎn)透視只有一個(gè)消失點(diǎn)（滅點(diǎn)）所以也叫：平行透視。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ig8Cdu88KoYImexyYAJc4ASYnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"凡大小相等的物體愈遠(yuǎn)，其形愈小，以至于最后消失于一點(diǎn)，這點(diǎn)稱(chēng)為消失點(diǎn)。根據(jù)消失點(diǎn)的不同位置，能觀(guān)察到的面也不同。當(dāng)消失點(diǎn)在物體外側(cè)時(shí)，可看到2個(gè)面，在物體上方時(shí)能看到3個(gè)面，在物體內(nèi)側(cè)時(shí)只能看到一個(gè)，如果物體正面是空的，則看到的是物體的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z8OOd68CKo4S8Kxes2dcjLtXn0c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":243,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一點(diǎn)透視","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ae757ae854cb4e8395ceb24d81a519ff","width":640},"text":"","id":"JgwAdMcEQosG8axMNEGcXvSpn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不論畫(huà)什么物體都可以歸納、概括在一個(gè)立方體或者多個(gè)立方體中，只要有一個(gè)面是與畫(huà)面平行的，就可以利用一點(diǎn)透視（平行透視）來(lái)作畫(huà)。一點(diǎn)透視合適畫(huà)小的物體，透視變化不大，但是畫(huà)的時(shí)候一定要體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UiUgdy0W0o08g8xUDnVc3uAxnGc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":322,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"一點(diǎn)透視","id":""}],"url":"https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uà)到前面了，合理的安排他們的位置。讓整個(gè)畫(huà)面有一個(gè)前大后小，前實(shí)后虛。上實(shí)下虛的空間效果?？傊褪钱?huà)面的層次感明確。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ig2CducEAoy8SKx2Qikc8lpFn6f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":622,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"空間感","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/84942d80d86748bb9f7eb37c9bfcea43","width":760},"text":"","id":"Ui4kdgkkwok2euxs7n9cSb2VnOd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"入門(mén)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z8oOdyS8oow0C6x0UqDc7bgOnPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"畫(huà)素描之前要充分做好各種線(xiàn)條的練習(xí)，還要做線(xiàn)條的由淺入深、由深到淺的成組練習(xí)。經(jīng)過(guò)構(gòu)圖、輪廓、大形深入刻畫(huà)到整體調(diào)整等不同的作畫(huà)環(huán)節(jié)，這個(gè)作畫(huà)的過(guò)程體現(xiàn)從整體到局部到整體的觀(guān)察過(guò)程。如果沒(méi)有這種正確的作畫(huà)程序，就不能保證畫(huà)面的準(zhǔn)確、深入與完整。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AA2cd8M0EoseMyxYTaTcwmOAnJd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描步驟","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GuSQdwo26ooYGcxojXKcWKrVnJe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"畫(huà)前要觀(guān)察研究物體的基本形狀，看它的受光方向，結(jié)構(gòu)造型，形成的立體效果，然后用直線(xiàn)勾出","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"它","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的大體輪廓，再依照光源，確定物體的受光（淡面）、側(cè)光（灰面）、遮光（深面）三大部分。最后在這些面與面之間加上銜接的層次，使它自然、圓潤(rùn)起來(lái)，直到表現(xiàn)出質(zhì)感為止。 素描畫(huà)好后要對(duì)描繪的物體進(jìn)行統(tǒng)籌和完善加工。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MaiqdQuiYoeUskxYHufcdbZTnYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mE41167Vm/?p=1\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mE41167Vm/?p=1\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"這個(gè)視頻講的是受光的技巧，比較淺顯易懂","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，有助于進(jìn)一步理解","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E0AYdaEMyoWMYkxKg47c0EGfnKf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KqkCdc2Eeom44ux8ffacUnfLnjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"構(gòu)圖是每一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)繪畫(huà)的人所必須要掌握的一項(xiàng)基本能力，從美得感受出發(fā)，讓觀(guān)賞者感受到美、舒服。各部份的一種配置法，依照經(jīng)過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)的格式，一致的比例，或重復(fù)的體系去安排。一般情況下在繪畫(huà)中構(gòu)圖講究天小地大、左右均衡；各物體大小適中，整體完整，不可過(guò)小，亦不可過(guò)大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z4gWdaAAsooCycxwhyXcKwO0nxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"五種方法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWuodeo6Co2eGUxigRGczcwYnSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、三角形構(gòu)圖，素描靜物中最常用到的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGcYdUiG2oyk0wx0wHKcKUtzn79"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":410,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/59023b58506d4e79bc03cc213714f659","width":596},"text":"","id":"NMoOdQSWwooQoAxcZ1UcnHninnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三角形構(gòu)圖是最常見(jiàn)的和最穩(wěn)定的構(gòu)圖形式，靜物分成三組放在三個(gè)頂點(diǎn)上。此類(lèi)構(gòu)圖畫(huà)面穩(wěn)定、主體突出、層次明確、錯(cuò)落有致，適合靜物數(shù)量較少的組合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OGcId2OAwoYu8qxsp9ecygdmnUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三角形的三條邊是由不同方向的直線(xiàn)合攏而成，而不同的線(xiàn)條組成不同形式的三角形，產(chǎn)生不同的趨勢(shì)和變化。如果你坐在靜物正面中間位置，可能會(huì)更多采用三角形構(gòu)圖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NQCAdyw6Uo0WAuxi08dcR5Lwnud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、C形構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KCgqdQUEKowoG6xkZDjcP5nLnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z0eYdgiQKoYcC0xafb3cJm96ney"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":646,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6f207066382a401cafb725e32afcef67","width":498},"text":"","id":"U00CdcikSoMKy2xGqgFcCVEmnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I24qdCkQyogIOoxhQdLcsTuynop"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“C”形構(gòu)圖，畫(huà)面動(dòng)感程度優(yōu)于其他形式的構(gòu)圖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKMCdcKwAo2Uy0xoPiuc2wN9nvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這種構(gòu)圖方式使畫(huà)面具有流動(dòng)性，更容易表現(xiàn)較大空問(wèn)的靜物組合?！癈”形有三個(gè)點(diǎn)，主體物往往在中間點(diǎn)的位置.前面的點(diǎn)往往是第一次要物體的擺放位置，最后面的點(diǎn)幫助你加強(qiáng)畫(huà)而空間層次的推移。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y6CadiM2aoQ0KuxgtEbcwLsqnAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、S形構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GeImd4uKAoIckux6FyuclZQnnvc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":638,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7c1b7736397048a3b5f9bdc9b4d43115","width":499},"text":"","id":"NqO8dsOmAowmgoxegsbcfxP1nxc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"\"S”具有曲線(xiàn)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，優(yōu)美而富有活力和韻味，所以“S“形構(gòu)圖給人一種美的享受，而且畫(huà)面顯得生動(dòng)、活潑。讀者的視線(xiàn)隨著\"S”形向縱深移動(dòng)，可有力地表現(xiàn)其場(chǎng)景的空間感和深度感。在 \"S”形構(gòu)圖中，通常會(huì)縮短 \"S”的上部，拉長(zhǎng) \"S”的下部，以形成“上緊下松”的構(gòu)圖關(guān)系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUkadCasGoOs8axIhteci8eAnce"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、圓形構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RmuudOkMAoIO6Yxq1RDcDC6An7R"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":420,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9b27a2fd424240fab4fa56aede4c6bfb","width":600},"text":"","id":"P0iIdMCWkoe66GxyCItcmCc1nNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"圓形構(gòu)圖就是讓靜物在畫(huà)面中圍成一個(gè)圓圈。圓形構(gòu)圖在視覺(jué)上給人以旋轉(zhuǎn)、運(yùn)動(dòng)和收縮的審美效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T4QQdy2u4oSCioxEXlycSSBunMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"當(dāng)圓形被拉長(zhǎng)時(shí)，就會(huì)變成橢圓形。橢圓形構(gòu)圖大都采用寬大于高的橫幅形式，它不僅有靜態(tài)效果，也會(huì)產(chǎn)生動(dòng)態(tài)效果，同時(shí)還具有較為明顯的整體感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UyWedCQ4moOmGOxQnZ9cGXA4nPz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、水平式構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZOsId8k2mosOwwxekVacO4wvnS2"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":435,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"構(gòu)圖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c135d605279c488ebc6f2f360cc0d4bc","width":595},"text":"","id":"Cc6cdkq4QoEs0CxQh98cIsI1noe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水平式構(gòu)圖的物體不能放在畫(huà)面正中，應(yīng)當(dāng)處于一個(gè)偏上或者偏下的位置。水平式構(gòu)圖縱向上的空間層次較少，為了讓畫(huà)面豐富，各個(gè)物體要在形狀、大小、高矮顏色等因素上形成對(duì)比，使畫(huà)面安定、平和，可以增強(qiáng)畫(huà)面的穩(wěn)定感。同時(shí)還要安排好位置，形成前后的空間層次。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M664dyokgogOQAxcbMbcuf1on7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"文字講解不能很直觀(guān)地展現(xiàn)，可配合","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"視頻講解","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，進(jìn)一步理解","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"怎么構(gòu)圖","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14x411R75w/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14x411R75w/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOSKdA6YgoAWeqx0u9zcj6P6nvb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"輪廓","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSMOdAue6o0ao4x2ZYPcTgufnAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描輪廓線(xiàn)是指物體外部和內(nèi)部形狀對(duì)線(xiàn)條，描述前進(jìn)或后退的形狀之變化方面的一條斷續(xù)線(xiàn)或連續(xù)線(xiàn)。也指物體對(duì)形，沒(méi)有輪廓線(xiàn)就沒(méi)有\(zhòng)"形” 。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GaMMdWaQOoaWUmxY1m8cjrwlngf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般來(lái)說(shuō)輪廓包括外輪廓和內(nèi)輪廓，兩者相互依存，就是說(shuō)外輪廓畫(huà)錯(cuò)了，內(nèi)輪廓也必然跟著錯(cuò)，內(nèi)輪廓錯(cuò)了也會(huì)影響外輪廓的準(zhǔn)確。在實(shí)踐中存在的問(wèn)題是容易把二者分開(kāi)來(lái)觀(guān)察，分開(kāi)來(lái)畫(huà)，分開(kāi)來(lái)檢查，必須兩者結(jié)合起來(lái)觀(guān)察并結(jié)合起來(lái)畫(huà)才對(duì)。要知道輪廓絕非指簡(jiǎn)單的物體的外框，要內(nèi)外兼顧方可畫(huà)準(zhǔn)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EiGwdiwsEocCqixkTHKchaNZnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"輪廓就是形狀，畫(huà)畫(huà)的第一步是畫(huà)形狀。形狀圖對(duì)了，就順利了。越畫(huà)越難受。勾勒輪廓的暗部可以簡(jiǎn)單處理，勾勒輪廓的同時(shí)可以詳細(xì)畫(huà)明面。由于形狀的透視變化，尤其是輪廓，一分鐘寬度等于幾英寸寬度，因?yàn)檫吘壥橇Ⅲw形狀。當(dāng)一個(gè)同樣寬度的面轉(zhuǎn)向后方時(shí)，面的長(zhǎng)度會(huì)越來(lái)越窄，直至消失。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UyyEd6wumoosE6x2b2Yca6finDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果外輪廓和內(nèi)輪廓的基本比例和位置不正確，包含所有細(xì)節(jié)的形狀也會(huì)是錯(cuò)誤的。所以大綱的確定要嚴(yán)格、嚴(yán)格、細(xì)致。 嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)謹(jǐn)慎不是要求你謹(jǐn)小慎微，而是要求你膽大心細(xì)。只有大膽細(xì)致的書(shū)寫(xiě)，勾勒出輪廓，才能知道這幅畫(huà)的對(duì)錯(cuò)。我們要敢于肯定，也要敢于否定和糾正錯(cuò)誤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GuGYdkcE0oEeasxSGDHcdlyinPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要想畫(huà)出正確的輪廓，必須對(duì)物體的形象有正確的認(rèn)識(shí)和觀(guān)察。觀(guān)察輪廓也是專(zhuān)業(yè)訓(xùn)練不可缺少的階段。一種不仔細(xì)觀(guān)察研究對(duì)象，就無(wú)法在反復(fù)修正的過(guò)程中提高識(shí)別能力，也無(wú)法培養(yǎng)敏銳的視力，理解簡(jiǎn)單形式的復(fù)雜性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FQqWdIUgyocQqAx2igIc4QRMnab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)可以觀(guān)看視頻講解，可鞏固一些知識(shí)點(diǎn)","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1MT4y1R7ZT/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1MT4y1R7ZT/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D0oEduSUSo2sGcxUcuncdjYGncb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"排線(xiàn)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XEqOdgooKo4aMixIxtHctn6fnJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"排線(xiàn)是素描最基本的語(yǔ)言元素，在素描中豐富的色調(diào)變化是經(jīng)過(guò)許多次的線(xiàn)條疊加而形成的，這其中線(xiàn)條的走向與角度尤其需要注意。畫(huà)好素描排線(xiàn)就要有一個(gè)正確的握筆姿勢(shì)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QksEdiSaOoa48sxi4kncZNOnn7c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正確的握筆姿勢(shì)，可以分為兩種：持棒式和握筆式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BICGdSS0MoayEExgpYocXhRGn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"持棒式：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P2ysd4oyGo0gmwxw1d6cgTcEnHd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":325,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排線(xiàn)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/18b939712e6f4d15821d1a3d973c0f3f","width":485},"text":"","id":"AMUgdy2GcoEmAcxSkW5cZ3t9nHf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用拇指、食指和中指，三指拿筆與手掌下，如上圖，中指起到輔助作用。用拇指左右擺動(dòng)，在畫(huà)面形成規(guī)則的接近平行的一排線(xiàn)。在用持棒式方法的時(shí)候，筆和畫(huà)面大約在35度角左右就差不多，手和手腕不要接觸畫(huà)面，如果難掌握，可以用小指做支撐點(diǎn)，也可以用手腕自然的上下畫(huà)出線(xiàn)條。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKUOdU0uSosoC4x3ZvrcmVuXnL9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"握筆式：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VoMYd0WAEo6u4ixELITcLwZCn9b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":326,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排線(xiàn)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c7e7934451774ccca552f5048dc831c3","width":481},"text":"","id":"AiCmdeWeOou8m0xu22KcoLr2nDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這種方法就是平時(shí)的寫(xiě)字姿勢(shì)，如上圖，這種的握筆方法可以用在面積小的暗面，或者在單體塑造的時(shí)候，這種方法用的很多，不像持棒式是在面積大，握筆式很容易掌握，就像寫(xiě)字一樣畫(huà)線(xiàn)條。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ba4gd8KasowcckxWSCkcrLpJnHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"若干組排線(xiàn)最好不要沿同一方向展開(kāi)，因?yàn)檠赝环较蚧蛉狈Ψ较蜃兓氖中?夾直角)都將導(dǎo)致畫(huà)面出現(xiàn)板滯和類(lèi)似平涂的光賦效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RscId2q0moEwyCxA9mccFrionNd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":335,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排線(xiàn)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62c26cd40c5c4d918f04a668701ebd78","width":364},"text":"","id":"HMsydweK8oiqimx6SBScDmhgnJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用一組組的線(xiàn)排開(kāi)，顏色深淺不同，表現(xiàn)出明暗關(guān)系。當(dāng)我們畫(huà)蘋(píng)果時(shí)，在背光處鋪出一組調(diào)子，就是畫(huà)的暗面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"McUyd0EGYo2aSgx0IB3ccrTrnlb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":358,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排線(xiàn)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a6ca78e89c94efd91feec5560af482d","width":358},"text":"","id":"OweIdgI0qoQA8Cx6GXgc6U0VnNx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"線(xiàn)只是用來(lái)表現(xiàn)明暗變化，以此來(lái)塑造物體體積，表現(xiàn)空間的一種手段。無(wú)論怎么排線(xiàn)，只要畫(huà)出效果就可以，不拘泥于各種形式。各種線(xiàn)的畫(huà)法會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的效果，所以在畫(huà)不同的畫(huà)時(shí)我們可以用不同的排線(xiàn)方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HU8Id2464oYKAExEl2ocSiMtnPh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":335,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排線(xiàn)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0cfff57312b241e9a9bddf315b417fa8","width":364},"text":"","id":"RuiSd28g8o28QgxfHOUcDiSEnvX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"蘋(píng)果的畫(huà)法視頻已經(jīng)講了很多，感興趣可以看看","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ct411Q7RE/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ct411Q7RE/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GOEYdYwweoo4gexy40fcvhUanre"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":722,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"排線(xiàn)","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/408fd90c2b514bef9dc9528d10fc9efa","width":607},"text":"","id":"Bq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type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"默寫(xiě)是脫離了寫(xiě)生對(duì)象，完全憑著自己的記憶和理解來(lái)把握畫(huà)面的，在素描的學(xué)習(xí)中適當(dāng)?shù)嘏浜夏瑢?xiě)訓(xùn)練，有助于增強(qiáng)視覺(jué)形象的記憶能力，同時(shí)又可以訓(xùn)練對(duì)畫(huà)面圖形的創(chuàng)造性思維和表現(xiàn)能力，有利于加深寫(xiě)生中對(duì)素描知識(shí)的理解。其實(shí)默寫(xiě)和速寫(xiě)也有著密切的關(guān)系，在速寫(xiě)中不可能看一眼畫(huà)一筆，很多是靠對(duì)寫(xiě)生對(duì)象的理解和記憶來(lái)完成的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I2YsdsEwKo4ECGxkfmocl5wgn2e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" 掌握頭部解剖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ayqkde26AoKkgqx4KSfc10hanEd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在沒(méi)有模特或具體的作畫(huà)對(duì)象時(shí)，畫(huà)者只能通過(guò)記憶或平時(shí)頭像寫(xiě)生的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)完成對(duì)頭像的默寫(xiě)。內(nèi)外部形體結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力，以及對(duì)素描技法的合理運(yùn)用和表現(xiàn)能力。在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中要著重理解頭部骨骼的構(gòu)造、熟悉頭骨各部位的名稱(chēng)及正確位置，做到?jīng)]有參照對(duì)象也熊熟練正確地畫(huà)出頭部各部位的位實(shí)及解剖關(guān)系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LoIsdwq0uoGEmSxqmmlcqe0NnNf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"頭像寫(xiě)生訓(xùn)練","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R6Wydmk4woqeGuxAzsFcn0UcnXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平時(shí)要積累大量的人物頭像寫(xiě)生的作畫(huà)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在人物頭像寫(xiě)生訓(xùn)練中，要有針對(duì)性地選擇寫(xiě)生對(duì)象。如選擇考試中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的男青年或女青年模特進(jìn)行寫(xiě)生訓(xùn)練，也適當(dāng)選擇一些老年模特寫(xiě)生，有備無(wú)患。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DIu0dQoUuoa8wIxoFKKcz910n0g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"臨摹加強(qiáng)記憶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zac8d0Aw0o2M0gxmWzkc6sxnnXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"臨摹是學(xué)習(xí)頭像寫(xiě)生的最好辦法，也是提高素描頭像造型能力的有效途徑之一。通過(guò)臨摹，學(xué)習(xí)他人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和技法，真切地體會(huì)畫(huà)者的感受和意圖，領(lǐng)會(huì)作品的精神所在。這樣既節(jié)省時(shí)間又事半功倍。臨摹還能提高眼睛的準(zhǔn)確觀(guān)察力及眼與手的配合能力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Humadoem6oq0uWxg3eIc8CKvnNd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"靜物作畫(huà)技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J2eydGeyooWoimx8tCec2a22n8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描所表達(dá)的是形體與空間不外乎黑、白、灰三字，一幅素描起碼應(yīng)該具備三個(gè)方面的成功：一是形體結(jié)構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確，二是黑、白、灰大層次分明，三是中心焦點(diǎn)突出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R84od4yemoOsAuxqUcacjcDjnwc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":643,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"靜物作畫(huà)技巧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e694013254a1481bb1202c98eabc435f","width":491},"text":"","id":"E4KqdMWocouuKExv1TxcUq6Dnin"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中心焦點(diǎn)是有視覺(jué)習(xí)慣形成的，所謂焦點(diǎn)，在客觀(guān)上應(yīng)該是在結(jié)構(gòu)中最有特征、又最能展示形體與空間部位的。常位于畫(huà)幅前景接近中心的部位，是中心也是重心。畫(huà)素描就應(yīng)有點(diǎn)偏心，如果平均用力不僅破壞了整體感，也違背了視覺(jué)的真實(shí)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ym6CdmUmGosmo0xQjQecM348nFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"輪廓線(xiàn)（包括一些局部輪廓線(xiàn)）只是物體的某些面在轉(zhuǎn)移時(shí)被縮小了形象，用輪廓線(xiàn)來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)世界不應(yīng)是初習(xí)素描者的課題，而先要學(xué)習(xí)用立體的觀(guān)念來(lái)研究世界。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z0aSdweoEoCWkKxgdWMcAjOFnDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"這條線(xiàn)的表現(xiàn)力是不容忽視的，因?yàn)槲矬w表面有豐富的起伏向縱深轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí)又與空間組成各種關(guān)系，它時(shí)濃時(shí)淡，寬窄虛實(shí)，變化無(wú)窮，不單單只是一條“線(xiàn)”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WI4sd8YQkoe6qMxGyKCcVfKTnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OWGkdc8oComOO0xk7X6c1sg7nBe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一是結(jié)構(gòu)，第二才是光，黑白則是它的附屬物。大家要學(xué)會(huì)借助黑白來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)形體結(jié)構(gòu)，但有時(shí)黑白也會(huì)歪曲形體結(jié)構(gòu)的原來(lái)面貌。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XAswdEe6coMGmaxOYROcNHGEnGe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":719,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"靜物作畫(huà)技巧","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0bfad00f0c4d460384ba3c648967a8e5","width":552},"text":"","id":"DYC0diG0qowW4WxQWUDcZqQencx"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"畫(huà)素描就是找區(qū)別，大區(qū)別就是“大關(guān)系”，凡是大關(guān)系都具有整體性的分量，它容納并制約著所有局部，因而它是最重要的。小區(qū)別就是“小關(guān)系”，就是指處于同一色調(diào)中的輕微差異。相對(duì)于整體來(lái)說(shuō)，它們只能被稱(chēng)之為“局部”。它們以一定的比例或?qū)哟侮P(guān)系組織起來(lái)并充實(shí)著整體。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J8MEdyYa6oWQgMxyAIDctUlYnkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"沒(méi)有局部，“整體”便是空的，而如果沒(méi)有整體的制約，“局部”就成為散亂無(wú)序，所以它們是相輔相成辨證統(tǒng)一的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RkgmdmcuWoWSSQxmkVKcUuRUn4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)構(gòu)的透視變形色調(diào)的黑白相稱(chēng)，對(duì)邊線(xiàn)的虛實(shí)處理，三者共同擔(dān)負(fù)著表現(xiàn)空間與體積的任務(wù)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NsWidy2uYouUaKxaEWucNEnonEb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"線(xiàn)和線(xiàn)條技法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L8gedq8o6oog46xKKTQcuuJcn2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描的要素是線(xiàn)，但是線(xiàn)在實(shí)質(zhì)上卻是不存在的，它只代表物體、顏色和平面的邊界，用來(lái)作為物體的幻覺(jué)表現(xiàn)。直到近代，線(xiàn)才被人們認(rèn)為是形式的自發(fā)要素，并且獨(dú)立于被描繪的物體之外。用線(xiàn)條來(lái)組成物體的形象，并且描繪于平面之上，藉由線(xiàn)條形式引起觀(guān)者的聯(lián)想。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FIWIduuw2oyCsaxYXesclq1LnDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如兩條線(xiàn)相交所構(gòu)成的角形，可以被認(rèn)為是某平面的邊界；另外加上第三條線(xiàn)可以在畫(huà)面上造成立體感?；⌒蔚木€(xiàn)條可以象征拱頂，交會(huì)聚集的線(xiàn)條可表現(xiàn)深度。人們可以從線(xiàn)條的變化當(dāng)中，得到可以領(lǐng)會(huì)的形象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NMSgdK88eowKyEx2DHmcLcFQnab"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用線(xiàn)條區(qū)分立體與平面，至于色彩明暗是為了加強(qiáng)和厘清整體與部分的關(guān)系。運(yùn)用線(xiàn)條的開(kāi)始，消失和中斷來(lái)畫(huà)出邊界，并且形成平面，也可使色彩至邊界而上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SCWkdUwIEocK8mxiU9AcBuXEnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"線(xiàn)條的粗細(xì)能表現(xiàn)物體的變化，甚至光和影也可用線(xiàn)條的筆觸變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，還需要平面技法的輔助。平面技法在使用炭粉筆時(shí)，在明暗對(duì)照上可用擦筆法。素描也可用多色畫(huà)筆作為基本材料，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)素描效果以及素描的藝術(shù)性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WAGSdcYcGoEiSSxAFDscjosIngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描的要素是線(xiàn)，但是線(xiàn)在實(shí)質(zhì)上卻是不存在的，它只代表物體、顏色和平面的邊界，用來(lái)作為物體的幻覺(jué)表現(xiàn)。直到近代，線(xiàn)才被人們認(rèn)為是形式的自發(fā)要素，并且獨(dú)立于被描繪的物體之外。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VOSgdy2UUouKcCxQHOtc2sUynoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透過(guò)線(xiàn)條手段，單純的輪廓勾勒可以發(fā)展成精致的素描，這個(gè)視頻講的比較清楚","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural\u0026vid=2187580955371434233"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural\u0026vid=2187580955371434233","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AumidSiWcoKW6KxA9IhcASKYnkf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":668,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"線(xiàn)和線(xiàn)條技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/68b35d09e0374f19b9f3587b7afbdda3","width":890},"text":"","id":"D8gUdOieWoKO4SxgLfkc92akntg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"用線(xiàn)條來(lái)組成物體的形象","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P2g4duikEoqcKSxGe4ac4fSsnNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"兩條線(xiàn)相交所構(gòu)成的角形，可以被認(rèn)為是某平面的邊界；另外加上第三條線(xiàn)可以在畫(huà)面上造成立體感?；⌒蔚木€(xiàn)條可以象征拱頂，交會(huì)聚集的線(xiàn)條可表現(xiàn)深度。透過(guò)線(xiàn)條的手段，單純的輪廓勾勒可以發(fā)展成精致的素描。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NIgUde8u4oImEQxYT2IcT4Wcnnh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":653,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"線(xiàn)和線(xiàn)條技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/283c486aaed04d64a273676d5c4b0774","width":578},"text":"","id":"Gikcdg00GocMG8xuWz3c8EydnUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"用線(xiàn)條區(qū)分立體與平面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R02WdcAM8oSowaxIJTCcHe0ynQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在素描中可以用線(xiàn)條區(qū)分立體與平面，至于色彩明暗是為了加強(qiáng)和分清整體與部分的關(guān)系。運(yùn)用線(xiàn)條的開(kāi)始，消失和中斷來(lái)畫(huà)出邊界，并且形成平面，也可使色彩至邊界而上。線(xiàn)條的粗細(xì)能表現(xiàn)物體的變化，甚至光和影也可用線(xiàn)條的筆觸變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LWgadQKW6o8CcIxgU8bcgm9Cntb"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":451,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"線(xiàn)和線(xiàn)條技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ffd5a551055e4909b7b33f6b18813655","width":440},"text":"","id":"Ycucd0yKWo0okUxVABMcf9xpnt6"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":379,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"線(xiàn)和線(xiàn)條技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/21df081045dd46f88e6724111a5ecc2d","width":428},"text":"","id":"BK8idi46mo62aWxiywGcHbM1nZg"}],"text":"","id":"Uog8dM6qeoyUMsxyA7fcojNVnXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"平面技法","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"的輔助","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uog8dM6qeoyUMsxyA7fcojNVnXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描的線(xiàn)條技法還需要平面技法的輔助。平面技法在使用炭粉筆時(shí)，在明暗對(duì)照上可用擦筆法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Saaad8qAOocc02xZGYIcijDXnh2"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":545,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"線(xiàn)和線(xiàn)條技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3fdd126f758440eda02a0f5d715e472b","width":775},"text":"","id":"T4GadmEGIoSesexKQiccQYISntg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"毛筆畫(huà)法","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"的使用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IQYSdW2Iio6Qg8xYRd7cHaQznXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"更重要的是使用毛筆畫(huà)法，因?yàn)槊P能發(fā)揮筆觸的寬度和筆調(diào)的強(qiáng)度并且能增加空間感和立體感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BeAyd8Akmo6ImexS2G4cqCLpnJf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":551,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"線(xiàn)和線(xiàn)條技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/82476e5de8214d9ca1efd7867003b1aa","width":856},"text":"","id":"D4OEdM8I0oQUwkx0SBOca974nSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"藝術(shù)性的加強(qiáng)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Oy8ydUiYIoKAk2xmeVJcvATznYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描也可用多色畫(huà)筆作為基本材料，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)素描效果以及素描的藝術(shù)性。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TeWCd0wKoowwEMxGozfcrB2fnOh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":521,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"線(xiàn)和線(xiàn)條技法","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2bda1868859447928b7e01be87daface","width":420},"text":"","id":"WM0idS0eQoO0IIxQaIAcDUhnnkb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"明暗","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K80KdesksoSaYYxYlnacpMmonFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"明暗交界線(xiàn)是素描中灰面與暗面的交界，雖然名字是明暗交界“線(xiàn)”，但是它是由“面”組成的，由于光線(xiàn)以及靜物本身形體的變化，明暗交界線(xiàn)也會(huì)有非常豐富的變化","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqUkdg0AKo2YQcxcB7Hcd0eXnIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有一些靜物因?yàn)樾误w會(huì)有很多明暗交界線(xiàn)，所以我們找到這些明暗交界線(xiàn)之后統(tǒng)一暗部，然后這些明暗交界線(xiàn)的色調(diào)也要做一個(gè)區(qū)分，靠近光源的顏色稍微要亮一些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YEQudyISIoOKQyxWms0cxLERnBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"結(jié)合視頻講解可以明白明暗的運(yùn)用手法","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14m4y1978u/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14m4y1978u/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click\u0026vd_source=6b26da26630111503906a454dabeb61d","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YoeKdKoUcoWeuAxuwSBc5XQdn6d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦書(shū)籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X2Q4d6OEMo2Kq2xyoSCcJ4OLnlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《素描風(fēng)暴》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EGeQdyAwioIi4exi6Axc2deTnUb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":541,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦書(shū)籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/92fb9082097c4a07bb98fb3391d77f42","width":348},"text":"","id":"Eq6sdWSmgoCCMuxCGjHchzMJn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《素描的訣竅》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CsO2dW6aOo86Ecx6dl4cS29tndc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":743,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦書(shū)籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7fa92e7b77f049a69af53d7a4e7ef9e1","width":554},"text":"","id":"Domed6wWuoac8Qx4wlEcRSFmnYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《像藝術(shù)家一樣思考》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YsQ8dQsacoO2iQx4NvmcjShVnLg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":444,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦書(shū)籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a09df027dced4945956d521728932dae","width":360},"text":"","id":"H2iKdeemAosUegxola5cpqY6noe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"《伯里曼人體結(jié)構(gòu)繪畫(huà)教學(xué)》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K2Q0dU8AOoC0AyxEXyOcLjBrnec"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":466,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"推薦書(shū)籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/90a2f27fc9614fb3849e40ae6eab8d88","width":323},"text":"","id":"Ns4KdgGmsoiyG8xdUwPcw2Gpnec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Egi4dYek6oqQUMxqoRKcbbOVnXc"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E